PA.V.BFAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023
Ground Reference Maneuvers
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground reference maneuvering which may include a rectangular course, S-turns, and turns around a point. Note: The evaluator selects at least one ground reference maneuver for the applicant to demonstrate.
Bottom line
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground reference maneuvering which may include a rectangular course, S-turns, and turns around a point.
FAA references
- AFH ch. 7 (p. 7-18) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 7 (p. 7-15) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 7 (p. 7-2) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 7 (p. 7-3) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 7 (p. 7-5) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 7 (p. 7-13) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 7 (p. 7-11) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 7 (p. 7-6) — FAA-H-8083-3C
Knowledge
- PA.V.B.K1: Purpose of ground reference maneuvers.
- PA.V.B.K2: Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference.
- PA.V.B.K3: Effects of bank angle and groundspeed on rate and radius of turn.
- PA.V.B.K4: Relationship of rectangular course to airport traffic pattern.
Risk management
- PA.V.B.R1: Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
- PA.V.B.R2: Collision hazards.
- PA.V.B.R3: Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
- PA.V.B.R4: Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
- PA.V.B.R5: Uncoordinated flight.
Skills
- PA.V.B.S1: Clear the area.
- PA.V.B.S2: Select a suitable ground reference area, line, or point as appropriate.
- PA.V.B.S3: Plan the maneuver:
- PA.V.B.S3a: a. Rectangular course: enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) at an appropriate distance from the selecte
- PA.V.B.S3b: b. S-turns: enter perpendicular to the selected reference line, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference
- PA.V.B.S3c: c. Turns around a point: enter at an appropriate distance from the reference point, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from th
- PA.V.B.S4: Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference a
- PA.V.B.S5: If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in eit
- PA.V.B.S6: Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
- PA.V.B.S7: Maintain altitude ±100 feet; maintain airspeed ±10 knots.
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