PA.IV.DFAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023
Soft-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with soft-field approach and landing with emphasis on proper use and coordination of flight controls.
Bottom line
A stabilized approach is one in which the pilot establishes and maintains a constant angle glidepath towards a predetermined point on the landing runway.
FAA references
- AFH ch. 9 (p. 9-4) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 9 (p. 9-24) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 12, Operational Procedures (p. 12-4) — FAA-H-8083-3C
Knowledge
Risk management
- PA.IV.D.R1: Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
- PA.IV.D.R2: Effects of:
- PA.IV.D.R2a: a. Crosswind
- PA.IV.D.R2b: b. Windshear
- PA.IV.D.R2c: c. Tailwind
- PA.IV.D.R2d: d. Wake turbulence
- PA.IV.D.R2e: e. Landing surface/condition
- PA.IV.D.R3: Planning for:
- PA.IV.D.R3a: a. Rejected landing and go-around
- PA.IV.D.R3b: b. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
- PA.IV.D.R4: Collision hazards.
- PA.IV.D.R5: Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
- PA.IV.D.R6: Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
- PA.IV.D.S1: Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
- PA.IV.D.S2: Make radio calls as appropriate.
- PA.IV.D.S3: Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway.
- PA.IV.D.S4: Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
- PA.IV.D.S5: Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
- PA.IV.D.S6: Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintai
- PA.IV.D.S7: Maintain manufacturer’s published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots with gust factor applied.
- PA.IV.D.S8: Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
- PA.IV.D.S9: Make smooth, timely, and correct control inputs during the round out and touchdown, and, for tricycle gear airplanes, keep the nose wheel of
- PA.IV.D.S10: Touch down at a proper pitch attitude with minimum sink rate, no side drift, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with the cent
- PA.IV.D.S11: Maintain elevator as recommended by manufacturer during rollout and exit the “soft” area at a speed that would preclude sinking into the sur
- PA.IV.D.S12: Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result i
- PA.IV.D.S13: Maintain proper position of the flight controls and sufficient speed to taxi while on the soft surface.
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