Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

FAA references

Knowledge

• PA.VI.A.K1: Pilotage and dead reckoning.
• PA.VI.A.K2: Magnetic compass errors.
• PA.VI.A.K3: Topography.
• PA.VI.A.K4: Selection of appropriate:
• PA.VI.A.K4a: a. Route
• PA.VI.A.K4b: b. Altitude(s)
• PA.VI.A.K4c: c. Checkpoints
• PA.VI.A.K5: Plotting a course, including:
• PA.VI.A.K5a: a. Determining heading, speed, and course
• PA.VI.A.K5b: b. Wind correction angle
• PA.VI.A.K5c: c. Estimating time, speed, and distance
• PA.VI.A.K5d: d. True airspeed and density altitude
• PA.VI.A.K6: Power setting selection.
• PA.VI.A.K7: Planned calculations versus actual results and required corrections.

Risk management

• PA.VI.A.R1: Collision hazards.
• PA.VI.A.R2: Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
• PA.VI.A.R3: Unplanned fuel/power consumption, if applicable.

Skills

• PA.VI.A.S1: Prepare and use a flight log.
• PA.VI.A.S2: Navigate by pilotage.
• PA.VI.A.S3: Navigate by means of pre-computed headings, groundspeeds, elapsed time, and reference to landmarks or checkpoints.
• PA.VI.A.S4: Use the magnetic direction indicator in navigation, including turns to headings.
• PA.VI.A.S5: Verify position within three nautical miles of the flight-planned route.
• PA.VI.A.S6: Arrive at the en route checkpoints within five minutes of the initial or revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) and provide a destination e
• PA.VI.A.S7: Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.