AI.II.BFAA-S-ACS-25 · Nov 2023
Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance
To determine the applicant understands visual scanning and collision avoidance, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate pilot-in-command skills, and provide effective instruction.
Bottom line
The “see and avoid” concept relies on knowledge of the limitations of the human eye and the use of proper visual scanning techniques to help compensate for these limitations.
FAA references
- AFH ch. 1 (pp. 1-10–1-11) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AC 90-48 ch. 4 — AC No: 90-48E
- AIH ch. 9 (p. 9-11) — FAA-H-8083-9B
Knowledge
- AI.II.B.K1: Environmental conditions that degrade vision.
- AI.II.B.K2: Vestibular and visual illusions.
- AI.II.B.K3: “See and Avoid” responsibilities.
- AI.II.B.K4: Visual scanning procedure and the importance of peripheral vision.
- AI.II.B.K5: Aircraft blind spots and clearing procedures.
- AI.II.B.K6: Visual cues of an impending mid-air collision.
- AI.II.B.K7: Situations that create the greatest collision risk.
- AI.II.B.K8: Division of attention inside and outside the aircraft.
Risk management
- AI.II.B.R1: Distractions to visual scanning.
- AI.II.B.R2: Relaxed intermediate focal distance.
- AI.II.B.R3: High volume operational environments.
- AI.II.B.R4: Collision reaction time.
- AI.II.B.R5: Use of a safety pilot.
Skills
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