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AI.II.B.S3FAA-S-ACS-25 · Nov 2023Skills

Use appropriate visual scanning techniques.

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Use appropriate visual scanning techniques.

Bottom line

The “see and avoid” concept relies on knowledge of the limitations of the human eye and the use of proper visual scanning techniques to help compensate for these limitations. Effective scanning is accomplished with a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field.

FAA references

  1. AFH ch. 1 (pp. 1-10–1-11) — FAA-H-8083-3C
  2. AIM 4-4-15 (Use of Visual Clearing Procedures and Scanning Techniques) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
  3. PHAK ch. 14 (p. 14-28) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  4. AC 90-48, para. 8.1.6 — AC No: 90-48E
  5. PHAK ch. 17 (p. 17-23) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  6. AC 90-48 ch. 4 — AC No: 90-48E
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