PA.II.DFAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023
Taxiing (ASEL, AMEL)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance.
Bottom line
Prior to taxiing, a current copy of the airport diagram should be available for use by the pilot. When ATC issues a “hold short” clearance, you are expected to taxi up to, but not cross any part of the runway holding marking.
FAA references
- AC 91-73, para. 7b — AC No: 91-73B
- AC 91-73, para. 7g — AC No: 91-73B
- PHAK ch. 14 (p. 14-33) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
- AIM 4-3-18 (Taxiing) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
Knowledge
- PA.II.D.K1: Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions
- PA.II.D.K2: Taxi instructions/clearances.
- PA.II.D.K3: Airport markings, signs, and lights.
- PA.II.D.K4: Visual indicators for wind.
- PA.II.D.K5: Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
- PA.II.D.K6: Procedures for:
- PA.II.D.K6a: a. Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot Spots
- PA.II.D.K6b: b. Radio communications at towered and nontowered airports
- PA.II.D.K6c: c. Entering or crossing runways
- PA.II.D.K6d: d. Night taxi operations
- PA.II.D.K6e: e. Low visibility taxi operations
Risk management
- PA.II.D.R1: Activities and distractions.
- PA.II.D.R2: Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
- PA.II.D.R3: A taxi route or departure runway change.
- PA.II.D.R4: Runway incursion.
Skills
- PA.II.D.S1: Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.
- PA.II.D.S2: Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.
- PA.II.D.S3: Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
- PA.II.D.S4: Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
- PA.II.D.S5: Perform a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving.
- PA.II.D.S6: Maintain positive control of the airplane during ground operations by controlling direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.
- PA.II.D.S7: Comply with airport/taxiway markings, signals, and air traffic control (ATC) clearances and instructions.
- PA.II.D.S8: Position the airplane properly relative to hold lines.
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