“For the first time in naval history, two fleets fought a battle without ever seeing each other's ships.”
May 4–8, 1942, marked the first carrier-versus-carrier battle in history. Task Force 17, built around USS Lexington and Yorktown, intercepted a Japanese force intent on seizing Port Moresby. On May 7, dive bombers from Lexington devastated the light carrier Shoho; on May 8, both sides traded blows. Yorktown bombers damaged Shokaku; Japanese torpedo planes and dive bombers hit Lexington so hard she had to be scuttled. The loss of Lexington—the Navy's largest carrier—was a gut punch, but the battle stopped the Japanese advance toward Australia. It also cost the Japanese Shokaku and Zuikaku—two carriers that would be absent at Midway one month later. In the Pacific, timing was everything, and the Coral Sea bought America time.
Coral Sea cost Lexington and only damaged Shokaku, yet both she and Zuikaku missed Midway a month later. Count the airplanes that will still be legal and crewed next month, not the ones that launched today.