PA.XI.A.R6FAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023Risk management
Weather considerations specific to night operations.
Weather considerations specific to night operations.
Bottom line
All pilots are susceptible to false sensory illusions while flying at night or in certain weather conditions. The NTSB has investigated numerous accidents and incidents that involved pilot errors resulting from expectation bias, particularly in night VMC when fewer cues aid in airport and runway identification. CFIT often results from continued VFR flight into areas with a low ceiling or low visibility, flight at night, incorrect interpretation of a chart, flight at high density altitude, flight in mountainous terrain, or intentionally flying too low.
FAA references
- AFH ch. 5, Human Factors (p. 5-3) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- PHAK ch. 17 (p. 17-23) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
- PHAK ch. 17 (p. 17-24) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
- RMH ch. 6 (p. 6-2) — FAA-H-8083-2A
- RMH ch. 3 (p. 3-4) — FAA-H-8083-2A
- AIM 8-1-6 (Vision in Flight) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
- AIM 10-2-2 (Helicopter Night VFR Operations) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
- RMH ch. 3 (pp. 3-6–3-7) — FAA-H-8083-2A
- AFH ch. 2 (p. 2-16) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- PHAK ch. 2 (p. 2-30) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
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