PA.VIII.D.K1aFAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023Knowledge
a. Instrument limitations and potential errors
Flight instruments as they relate to: a. Instrument limitations and potential errors
Bottom line
After a 180° turn, a small bank angle and pitch error may appear on the attitude indicator; these inherent errors correct themselves within a minute or so after returning to straight-and-level flight. Magnetic compass turning error causes the compass to lead turns to the north or south and lag turns away from the north or south.
Key numbers
| Number | What it means |
|---|---|
| approximately 2° per wing width or center dot | AI pitch scale |
| up to 5 minutes after power is applied, normally 2 to 3 minutes | Gyro erection |
| normally about 60° in pitch and 100° in roll | Old AI limits |
| corrects within a minute or so after a 180° turn | AI error after turn |
FAA references
- IFH ch. 5 (p. 5-19) — FAA-H-8083-15B
- AFH Glossary (p. G-16) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- AFH ch. 9 (p. 9-13) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- PHAK ch. 8 (p. 8-1) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
- PHAK ch. 8 (p. 8-9) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
- IFH ch. 7 (p. 7-58) — FAA-H-8083-15B
- IFH ch. 7 (p. 7-52) — FAA-H-8083-15B
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