PA.VIII.A.K1aFAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023Knowledge
a. Instrument limitations and potential errors
Flight instruments as they relate to: a. Instrument limitations and potential errors
Bottom line
The attitude indicator is reliable and the most realistic flight instrument on the instrument panel, and its indications are very close approximations of the actual attitude of the aircraft. Airspeed error is generally greatest at low airspeeds; in the cruising and higher airspeed ranges, indicated and calibrated airspeed are approximately the same.
Key numbers
| Number | What it means |
|---|---|
| 60° to 70° pitch, 100° to 110° bank on some attitude indicators | AI pitch limits |
| +/- 25° vertically on some attitude indicators | AI peg limit |
| wing width and center dot equal about 2° pitch change | AI pitch scale |
FAA references
- PHAK ch. 8 (p. 8-19) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
- AFH Glossary (p. G-3) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- IFH ch. 5 (p. 5-19) — FAA-H-8083-15B
- AFH ch. 9 (p. 9-13) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- IFH ch. 7 (p. 7-58) — FAA-H-8083-15B
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