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PA.IV.K.R4FAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023Risk management

Collision hazards.

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Collision hazards.

Bottom line

Any aircraft that appears to have no relative motion and stays in one scan quadrant is likely to be on a collision course. Effective scanning is accomplished with a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field.

FAA references

  1. AIM 8-1-8 (Judgment Aspects of Collision Avoidance) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
  2. PHAK ch. 14 (p. 14-28) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  3. RMH ch. 3 (p. 3-8) — FAA-H-8083-2A
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