PA.IV.J.K2FAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023Knowledge
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
Bottom line
An approach over a large body of water or thick vegetation tends to create a sinking effect that can cause an unwary pilot to land short of the intended landing spot.
Key numbers
| Number | What it means |
|---|---|
| 2 or 3 knots laterally when larger aircraft vortices sink within 100 to 200 feet of the ground | Vortex drift |
| 1 to 5 knots cross-runway component can leave the upwind vortex in the touchdown zone | Vortex linger |
FAA references
- PHAK ch. 12 (p. 12-8) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
- AIM 7-4-4 (Vortex Behavior) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
- AFH ch. 12, Operational Procedures (p. 12-4) — FAA-H-8083-3C
- RMH ch. 3 (p. 3-7) — FAA-H-8083-2A
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