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PA.IV.I.R4FAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023Risk management

Collision hazards.

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Collision hazards.

Bottom line

Smoke, haze, dust, rain, and flying towards the sun can also greatly reduce the ability to detect targets. Any aircraft that appears to have no relative motion and stays in one scan quadrant is likely to be on a collision course.

FAA references

  1. AIM 8-1-8 (Judgment Aspects of Collision Avoidance) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
  2. PHAK ch. 14 (p. 14-28) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
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