PA.IV.G.K4FAA-S-ACS-6C · Nov 2023Knowledge

Effects of water surface.

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Effects of water surface.

Bottom line

If a seaplane lands into a stiff breeze on water with small waves, it might be more difficult to leave the next morning when winds are calm and the water is glassy.

Key numbers

Key numbers for Effects of water surface.
NumberWhat it means
at least one-tenth of an inch of waterDynamic depth
no more than one-thousandth of an inchViscous depth
can persist to 20 knots or less groundspeedReverted rubber

FAA references

  1. SEA ch. 6 (p. 6-8) — FAA-H-8083-23
  2. AFH ch. 9 (pp. 9-37–9-38) — FAA-H-8083-3C
  3. SEA ch. 5 (p. 5-1) — FAA-H-8083-23
  4. PHAK ch. 11 (p. 11-13) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  5. RMH ch. 3 (p. 3-7) — FAA-H-8083-2A
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