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IR.V.A.K1FAA-S-ACS-8C · Nov 2023Knowledge

Ground-based navigation (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, and regul...

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Ground-based navigation (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, and regulations), including procedures for intercepting and tracking courses and arcs.

Bottom line

With DME, a pilot may precisely locate the aircraft on a given line (radial).

Key numbers

Key numbers for Ground-based navigation (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, and regul...
NumberWhat it means
Plus or minus 4 degrees using a test signalVOT tolerance
Most airways are eight nautical miles wideAirway width

FAA references

  1. PHAK ch. 16 (p. 16-28) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  2. 14 CFR 91.171 (VOR equipment check for IFR operations.) — eCFR current as of 2026-03-05
  3. IPH ch. 2 (p. 2-2) — FAA-H-8083-16B
  4. PHAK ch. 16 (p. 16-22) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  5. 14 CFR 91.711 (Special rules for foreign civil aircraft.) — eCFR current as of 2026-03-05
  6. IPH ch. 2 (p. 2-29) — FAA-H-8083-16B
  7. IFH ch. 9 (p. 9-18) — FAA-H-8083-15B
  8. IFH ch. 9 (p. 9-42) — FAA-H-8083-15B
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