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IR.I.B.K3eFAA-S-ACS-8C · Nov 2023Knowledge

e. Weather system formation, including air masses and fronts

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination for flights conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) to include expected climate and hazardous conditions such as: e. Weather system formation, including air masses and fronts

Bottom line

A warm front is the boundary area formed when a warm air mass contacts and flows over a colder air mass, and warm fronts cause low ceilings and rain. As part of a briefing synopsis, review the type, location, and movement of weather systems and/or air masses that might affect the proposed flight.

Key numbers

Key numbers for e. Weather system formation, including air masses and fronts
NumberWhat it means
icing in clouds above 8,000 feet behind the cold frontIcing level
review items when departure time is 6 hours or more awayOutlook briefing

FAA references

  1. PHAK Glossary (p. G-34) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  2. AC 91-92, para. 7.6 — AC No: 91-92
  3. RMH ch. 3 (p. 3-13) — FAA-H-8083-2A
  4. PHAK Glossary (p. G-22) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  5. RMH App. D (p. D-2) — FAA-H-8083-2A
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