Navigation Systems and Radar Services
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with navigation systems and radar services. Note: The evaluator should reference the manufacturer’s equipment supplement(s) as necessary for appropriate limitations, procedures, etc.
Bottom line
The GPS receiver verifies the integrity (usability) of the signals received from the GPS constellation through receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) to determine if a satellite is providing corrupted information. Radar equipped FAA ATC facilities provide radar assistance and navigation service (vectors) to VFR aircraft provided the aircraft can communicate with the facility, are within radar coverage, and can be radar identified.
FAA references
- PHAK ch. 16 (p. 16-23) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
- PHAK ch. 16 (p. 16-31) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
- AIM 4-1-17 (Radar Assistance to VFR Aircraft) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
- AIM 1-1-13 (User Reports Requested on NAVAID Outages) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
Knowledge
- CA.VI.B.K1: Ground-based navigation (identification, orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of
- CA.VI.B.K2: Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment, regulations, authorized use of databases, and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).
- CA.VI.B.K3: Radar assistance to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft (e.g., operations, equipment, available services, traffic advisories).
- CA.VI.B.K4: Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).
Risk management
- CA.VI.B.R1: Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
- CA.VI.B.R2: Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
- CA.VI.B.R3: Limitations of the navigation system in use.
- CA.VI.B.R4: Loss of a navigation signal.
- CA.VI.B.R5: Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
Skills
- CA.VI.B.S1: Use an airborne electronic navigation system.
- CA.VI.B.S2: Determine the airplane’s position using the navigation system.
- CA.VI.B.S3: Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing.
- CA.VI.B.S4: Recognize and describe the indication of station or waypoint passage.
- CA.VI.B.S5: Recognize signal loss or interference and take appropriate action, if applicable.
- CA.VI.B.S6: Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.
- CA.VI.B.S7: Maintain the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet and heading, ±10°.
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