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CA.IV.L.R4FAA-S-ACS-7B · Nov 2023Risk management

Collision hazards.

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Collision hazards.

Bottom line

Smoke, haze, dust, rain, and flying towards the sun can greatly reduce the ability to detect targets. If another aircraft appears to have no relative motion, it is likely to be on a collision course. Effective scanning uses a series of short, regularly-spaced eye movements; each movement should not exceed 10 degrees, and each area should be observed for at least 1 second to enable detection.

FAA references

  1. AFH ch. 1 (pp. 1-11–1-12) — FAA-H-8083-3C
  2. AIM 8-1-8 (Judgment Aspects of Collision Avoidance) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
  3. AIM 4-3-24 (Use of Aircraft Lights) — AIM Basic 2/20/25 w/ Change 1 (8/7/25) & Change 2 (1/22/26)
  4. PHAK ch. 14 (p. 14-28) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
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