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AI.II.D.K3FAA-S-ACS-25 · Nov 2023Knowledge

Turning tendency (e.g., torque, p-factor, spiraling slipstream, and gyroscopic precessi...

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Turning tendency (e.g., torque, p-factor, spiraling slipstream, and gyroscopic precession).

Bottom line

The four elements are torque reaction from engine and propeller, corkscrewing effect of the slipstream, gyroscopic action of the propeller, and asymmetric loading of the propeller (P-factor). These forces vary greatly, and the pilot must apply proper corrective action with the flight controls at all times, regardless of which force is most prominent.

Key numbers

Key numbers for Turning tendency (e.g., torque, p-factor, spiraling slipstream, and gyroscopic precessi...
NumberWhat it means
4 elements of the left turning tendencyTorque elements
90° ahead in direction of rotationPrecession

FAA references

  1. PHAK ch. 5 (pp. 5-30–5-31) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  2. PHAK ch. 5 (p. 5-31) — FAA-H-8083-25C (2023)
  3. AFH Glossary (p. G-14) — FAA-H-8083-3C
  4. AFH ch. 18 (p. 18-20) — FAA-H-8083-3C
  5. SEA ch. 4 (p. 4-12) — FAA-H-8083-23
  6. SEA ch. 4 (p. 4-5) — FAA-H-8083-23
  7. AIH ch. 4 (p. 4-1) — FAA-H-8083-9B
  8. AFH ch. 5, Spin Awareness (p. 5-22) — FAA-H-8083-3C
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