AA.VI.D.K3FAA-S-ACS-11A · Nov 2023Knowledge
Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination,...
Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).
Bottom line
The GPS receiver verifies the integrity (usability) of the signals received from the GPS constellation through RAIM to determine if a satellite is providing corrupted information.
Key numbers
| Number | What it means |
|---|---|
| 5 satellites (or 4 plus barometric altimeter) | RAIM minimum |
| minimum 4 above mask angle | GPS satellites |
| ±4 degrees | Ground VOR check |
FAA references
- IFH ch. 9 (p. 9-31) — FAA-H-8083-15B
- IFH ch. 9 (pp. 9-26–9-27) — FAA-H-8083-15B
- 14 CFR 91.171 (VOR equipment check for IFR operations.) — eCFR current as of 2026-03-05
- 14 CFR 91.227 (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out equipment performance requirements.) — eCFR current as of 2026-03-05
- 14 CFR 91.411 (Altimeter system and altitude reporting equipment tests and inspections.) — eCFR current as of 2026-03-05
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