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AA.VI.B.R2FAA-S-ACS-11A · Nov 2023Risk management

Limitations of air traffic avoidance equipment and use of see and avoid techniques.

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Limitations of air traffic avoidance equipment and use of see and avoid techniques.

Bottom line

The “see and avoid” concept relies on knowledge of the limitations of the human eye and the use of proper visual scanning techniques to help compensate for these limitations.

FAA references

  1. AFH ch. 1 (pp. 1-10–1-11) — FAA-H-8083-3C
  2. AFH ch. 2 (p. 2-14) — FAA-H-8083-3C
  3. 14 CFR 91.221 (Traffic alert and collision avoidance system equipment and use.) — eCFR current as of 2026-03-05
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