AA.I.E.K12FAA-S-ACS-11A · Nov 2023Knowledge

Crew resource management (CRM) principles and application in a multi-crew environment.

ACS element text (the applicant demonstrates understanding of)

Crew resource management (CRM) principles and application in a multi-crew environment.

Bottom line

Crew Resource Management (CRM) means the effective use of all the resources available to crewmembers, including each other, to achieve a safe and efficient flight. The true definition of teamwork, or CRM, is its focus on the proper response to threats to safety and the proper management of crew error. The pilot monitoring (PM) must establish a positive attitude toward monitoring and challenging errors made by the pilot flying (PF).

Key numbers

Key numbers for Crew resource management (CRM) principles and application in a multi-crew environment.
NumberWhat it means
60 to 80 percent of all air carrier incidents and accidentsHuman error
3 componentsCRM training
Minimum: 6 HoursCRM topic

FAA references

  1. 14 CFR 121.907 (Definitions.) — eCFR current as of 2026-10-01
  2. AC 61-138, paras. 14.3.10.2, 14.4.2.2 — AC No: 61-138A
  3. AC 120-51, paras. 7, 7a — AC No: 120-51E
  4. AC 120-51, para. 5b — AC No: 120-51E
  5. 14 CFR 121.419 (Pilots and flight engineers: Initial, transition, conversion and upgrade ground training.) — eCFR current as of 2026-10-01
  6. AC 91-78 ch. 20 , Electronic Aeronautical Chart Display. — AC No: 91-78A
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